For decades, wilderness camps for teens have promised life-changing results for teens who are at risk or troubled. Marketed as a last resort for desperate parents, these juvenile delinquency programs claim to rehabilitate teenagers dealing with behavioral issues, substance abuse, and mental health challenges. But beneath these promises lies a much darker reality.
Survivor testimonies, legal investigations, and widespread public outcry have exposed these programs' troubling and often damaging nature. Instead of the transformation parents hope for, many teens leave these camps worse off, burdened by trauma and deep emotional wounds. Families who invest in these wilderness camps for teens often find themselves financially drained and emotionally disconnected, facing the harsh truth that the programs they turned to for help have failed their children.
As the controversy around the troubled teen industry grows, evidence-based treatment programs for juveniles like Multisystemic Therapy (MST) offer a more compassionate and effective alternative.
This blog explores the rise of wilderness camps for teens, the controversies surrounding the troubled teen industry, and why evidence-based treatment programs for juveniles like MST present an option that allows young people to make changes, thrive and make changes while remaining home with their families.
The concept of wilderness camps for teens, often called boot camps or wilderness therapy programs, started gaining traction in the late 20th century. As demand for juvenile delinquency programs grew, these camps presented themselves as highly structured environments where teens would undergo intense outdoor activities, strict discipline, and therapeutic intervention. The belief was that by removing teens from their everyday environments, they could be forced to "reset" and develop new coping mechanisms.
Wilderness camps for teens typically emphasize behavioral correction through harsh methods, including isolation and excessively punitive practices. Yet, many of these camps fail to address the underlying emotional and psychological issues driving the teens' behavior. The result is often the exact opposite of what families expect—teens leave these delinquency programs traumatized and emotionally scarred, with new unresolved issues festering beneath the surface. Worse still, behavioral problems often resurface shortly after they return home because they weren’t taught how to shift their behavior at home. Instead, they learned how to do things in nature, which often is not applicable once they return home to urban areas.
The growing scrutiny of these wilderness camps for teens has raised serious concerns. Reports of emotional and physical abuse, lack of oversight, and inconsistent results have led many to question whether these types of juvenile delinquency programs work and should they even be legal to continue to operate.
Wilderness camps for teens have operated in a regulatory gray area for decades, with many states providing little oversight or accountability. The lack of regulation has enabled troubling practices to persist, often with devastating consequences for vulnerable teenagers.
Rachel Aviv discovered that over 1,000 Teen Challenge centers operate without regulatory oversight despite receiving state and federal grants. She notes, "The result is a damning portrait not of a school, but of an industry that delivers abuse with impunity…There are more than a thousand nonprofit Teen Challenge schools in America."
Survivor stories paint a grim picture of physical punishment, emotional manipulation, and extreme isolation—all under the guise of "treatment." In the documentary "Hell Camp: Teen Nightmare," director Liza Williams explores the traumatic experiences of teens who were forcibly removed from their homes and sent to wilderness therapy camps. The film exposes the abusive nature of these programs and their long-term effects on participants.
Teens have reported being subjected to harsh discipline, solitary confinement, and forced labor, leaving them emotionally damaged long after their departure. The trauma experienced by participants often leads to long-term psychological issues, including anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). For many, the emotional scars disrupt relationships with their families and make reintegration into normal life nearly impossible.
Celebrity advocates like Paris Hilton and Danielle Bregoli (Bhad Bhabie) have added fuel to the fire, sharing their own harrowing experiences at wilderness camps for teens and calling for reform. Movements like Breaking Code Silence have amplified these calls for reform, and states like Utah have implemented regulations requiring transparency and limiting abusive practices in treatment centers.
As the emerging controversy demonstrates, wilderness camps for teens rarely provide the lasting change families seek (despite their promises of behavior modification). The core issue lies in the camps' approach.
Isolating teens and subjecting them to punitive measures does little to address any deep-rooted emotional challenges that often fuel behavioral problems. Once these teens return home, many become more rebellious and withdrawn due to unresolved and new trauma. They often feel like outsiders in their family because they have lost time with them and the bond has been frayed.
Another major flaw in wilderness camps for teens is their lack of ongoing support. These juvenile delinquency programs work by separating teens from their family, friends, and community support networks. Although, some may experience short-term behavioral changes while in the program; they are often ill-equipped to navigate the complexities of real-life situations once they leave. Without continued guidance and support, teens quickly fall back into destructive patterns, leaving families feeling helpless and frustrated.
In contrast, evidence-based treatment programs for juveniles that are proven to have long-term success take a more holistic and compassionate approach. Rather than isolating teens from their families, MST involves the entire family in the therapeutic process, addressing the root causes of behavioral challenges and providing the necessary support for lasting change.
As more families and advocates speak out, the need for federal regulation of the troubled teen industry has become increasingly clear. The widespread practice of a form of legal kidnapping where teens are forcibly removed from their homes sometimes even being restrained and/or threatened for transport to wilderness camps—highlights the urgent need for reform. The emotional trauma caused by these practices, combined with the abuse occurring within the camps themselves, demands immediate action.
Reforming the troubled teen industry requires regulation alongside a critical shift toward more humane and effective juvenile delinquency programs that work. Rather than isolating teens from their families and surrounding them with only negative peers, MST involves the entire family in the therapeutic process. MST treatment addresses the root causes of behavioral challenges and provides the necessary support for lasting change. MST is a safer, more compassionate alternative these young people deserve and need.
Multisystemic Therapy is one of the most effective evidence-based juvenile intervention programs for young people who are at risk. Unlike wilderness camps for teens that essentially detain young people in harmful ways, MST offers a more holistic, compassionate approach to behavioral change.
MST therapists work with families directly in the home, school, and community. Available 24/7, they provide caregivers with tools to transform the lives of teens who are at risk or troubled. This approach helps reduce delinquent and anti-social behavior by addressing its root causes within the context of a young person's broader social environment, including family, peers, school, and neighborhood.
MST therapists manage small caseloads, providing services in the family home at times convenient for the family. The treatment typically lasts 3 to 5 months, during which therapists and provider agencies are held accountable for achieving positive, long-lasting outcomes, ensuring the young people and their families can function responsibly over time.
Over 74 research studies confirm that MST significantly reduces criminal activity and other undesirable behaviors. At the close of treatment, 91% of young people live at home, 86% are in school or working, and 87% experience no juvenile arrests. A 25-year follow-up study researching the influence juvenile offenders have over their siblings found that 72% of siblings in the control group had been arrested, compared to only 43% in the MST group.
MST also offers substantial financial benefits, saving an estimated $35,582 per juvenile offender and $7,798 per sibling in criminal justice costs and delivering a $5.04 return for every dollar spent.
By keeping teens in their homes and communities, MST fosters real change, equipping families with the tools they need to manage challenges and strengthen family dynamics. The program's focus on collaboration, communication, and problem-solving stands in stark contrast to the punitive methods used in wilderness camps for teens, offering a path to healing rather than furthering or exacerbating trauma.
MST creates lasting change, not just temporary fixes.
Summing up, the troubled teen industry, long seen as a lifeline for desperate families, has been exposed as a system fraught with abuse, ethical violations, and ineffective methods. Wilderness camps for teens promise discipline and transformation, but for many, they deliver only trauma and long-term psychological harm.
Evidence-based treatment programs for juveniles (such as MST) provides a family-centered alternative that prioritizes enduring change. By working within the home and community, MST addresses the root causes of behavioral challenges, offering real solutions for families in crisis.
For parents seeking a path forward for their teens that are troubled, MST is a beacon of hope—a compassionate, effective approach that truly works.
MST is an evidence-based alternative to incarceration or severe system consequences due to serious externalizing, anti-social, and/or criminal behaviors. MST effectively treats young people and their families by utilizing a built-in suite of interventions within the home, school, and community settings. Treatment is tailored to the family and their individual strengths and needs, which could include but is not limited to the following types of therapies: Family Therapy,
If you or someone you know is interested in learning more about Multisystemic Therapy, contact us here.